Urine cytology is highly specific urine test. It is important in bladder cancer follow-up, after surgery follow-up and the discovery of the erythrocytes origin in urine. Hematuria is the appearance of red blood cells in the urine. It can be microscopic or macroscopic, and permanent and intermittent. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution by sex and age of patients referred for cytological examination of urine, the most common referral and final diagnosis and their distribution by gender. The most important goal was to make a detailed insight into the patterns of hematuria and to see what is the general frequency of hematuria in the samples, and the most frequent cytological findings. The sample consisted of 304 urine patients collected in the period from 15. 11. 2015. until 15. 12. 2015. at the Department of Cytology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Cytology and Forensic Medicine University Hospital Split. After cytological analysis cytological diagnosis was made. The most common referral diagnosis was the hematuria (40.98%), and it was statisticaly significant. Patients with the diagnosis of hematuria were generally younger and mostly female. Cytological examination of urine with the diagnosis of hematuria, revealed that the most frequent cytological diagnosis was without erythrocytes, or with only few scattered erythrocytes. Among the other samples,the most common were samples with the diagnosis of bladder cancer or condition after surgery of bladder cancer. These patients were mostly male and with average age of 67 years. In these samples the most frequent cytological diagnosis was also unremarkable and that was statistically significant. Based on this research and all of our current knowledge of haematuria and urinary cytology as the test of high specificity and sensitivity in detecting the origin of erythrocytes and malignancy of the urinary system, we can conclude that there is still a significant percentage of patients who are unnecessarily referred for this analasys. The most common cytological findings in samples with the referral diagnosis of hematuria was without erythrocytes or with few scattered erytrocites. There is a significant number of patients with diagnosis of haematuria in which it has been proven signs of urinary infection or changes cause by stones. It is important in suspected haematuria to exclude "false" haematuria which is especially common in women because of female anatomy. It is also necessary to exclude some factors that may lead to red colouration of urine like use of some medicines or food. In the group of patients with bladder cancer or the state after resection of bladder cancer, it is important to remember that despite normal cytological findings, these patients should be carefully monitored. If necessary repeated cytological urine tests should be combined with cystoscopy.