| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja:
Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoji li povezanost između
dispozicijskog optimizma i praga boli te maksimalne tolerancije i raspona tolerancije
boli. Također, pokušali smo utvrditi povezanost između optimizma i odabranih
zdravstvenih pokazatelja, antropometrijskih obilježja, ponašajnih rizičnih čimbenika,
socioekonomskog statusa i drugih pokazatelja životnog zadovoljstva.
Materijali i metode:
Ovo istraživanje je bilo presječno prema svojem ustroju i uključilo je ukupno
622 ispitanika. Prikupljanje podataka provedeno je tijekom svibnja 2013. godine na
Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu, te u razdoblju od rujna 2013. godine do
svibnja 2014. godine na otoku Korčuli, u naselju Blato. Podaci o razini optimizma, o
zdravstvenim pokazateljima i životnim navikama prikupljeni su pomoću upitnika, dok
su arterijski tlak, antropometrijska obilježja i parametri doživljavanja boli izmjereni
korištenjem standardnih procedura mjerenja. U analizi je korišten hi-kvadrat test,
Mann-Whitneyev U test i Spearmanov test rang korelacije.
Rezultati:
Pokazano je da postoji razlika između žena i muškaraca u doživljavanju boli, s
višom prosječnom vrijednosti praga boli (P<0,001), maksimalne tolerancije boli
(P<0,001) i raspona boli (P=0,043) kod muškaraca. Postoji pozitivna povezanost
između optimizma i maksimalne tolerancije boli (ρ=0,107; P=0,011) i raspona
tolerancije boli (ρ=0,117; P=0,005), dok ta povezanost između optimizma i praga boli
nije značajna (ρ=0,013; P=0,759). Postoji povezanost između optimizma i životnog
zadovoljstva (ρ=0,363; P<0,001) i sreće (ρ=0,332; P<0,001), te inverzna povezanost
između optimizma i tjeskobe (ρ=-0,229; P<0,001). Pronađena je i inverzna
povezanost između optimizma i dobi (ρ=-0,098; P=0,018) te pozitivna povezanost sa
svim pokazateljima materijalnog statusa. Isto tako, nađena je povezanost između optimizma i konzumacije crnog vina (ρ=0,106; P=0,012). Povezanost nije dokazana
između optimizma i ITM-a (ρ=0,007; P=0,864), sistoličkog krvnog tlaka (ρ=-0,071;
P=0,087), dijastoličkog tlaka (ρ=-0,008; P=0,842), intenziteta pušenja (ρ=-0,097;
P=0,243), tjelesne aktivnosti (ρ=-0,025; P=0,551) i prehrambenih navika.
Zaključci:
U ispitivanoj populaciji pronalazimo da osobe koje imaju višu razinu optimizma
imaju i veći raspon tolerancije boli i veću maksimalnu toleranciju boli. Također,
osobe koje su optimističnije imaju i bolje pokazatelje životnog zadovoljstva i bolji
socioekonomski status, dok za većinu zdravstvenih pokazatelja i životnih navika nije
utvrđena povezanost s optimizmom. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives:
The main objective of this research was to determine if there was an
association between dispositional optimism and pain threshold, pain tolerance, and
pain endurance. Also, we tried to determine if there was an association between
dispositional optimism and selected health indicators, anthropometric measurements,
behavioural risk factors, socioeconomic status, and other indicators of mental health.
Patients, Materials And Methods:
This was a cross sectional research with the total of 622 subjects. Data
collection was conducted during May 2013 at Medical School – University of Split,
and in the period from September 2013 to May 2014 in Blato, a town on the island of
Korčula. Data on the levels of optimism, health markers and life habits were gathered
via questionnaire, while arterial blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and
pain perception parameters were measured using standard measuring procedures. Chisquared
test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were
used in the statistical analysis.
Results:
It is shown that there is a difference in pain perception between men and
women, with a higher average value of pain threshold (P<0,001), pain tolerance
(P<0,001) and pain endurance (P=0,043) at men. There's also a positive correlation
between optimism and pain tolerance (ρ=0,107; P=0,011) and pain endurance
(ρ=0,117; P=0,005), but the correlation between optimism and pain threshold was not
significant (ρ=0,013; P=0,759). There was a correlation between optimism and life
contentment (ρ=0,363; P<0,001) and happiness (ρ=0,332; P<0,001), also an inverse
correlation between optimism and anxiety (ρ=-0,229; P<0,001). An inverse
correlation has also been found between optimism and age (ρ=-0,098; P=0,018), and a positive correlation between optimism and all of the socioeconomic status markers.
Further, we have found a positive correlation between red wine consumption and
optimism (ρ=0,106; P=0,012). Such correlation hasn't been found between optimism
and BMI (ρ=0,007; P=0,864), systolic blood pressure (ρ=-0,071; P=0,087), diastolic
blood pressure (ρ=-0,008; P=0,842), smoking intensity expressed as pack-years (ρ=-
0,097; P=0,243), physical activity (ρ=-0,025; P=0,551), and eating habits.
Conclusions:
In the examined population we found that subject who have higher levels of
dispositional optimism exibit greater pain endurance and maximal pain tolerance.
Also, subjects who reported higher levels of optimism appear to have better indicators
of life contentment and happiness and better socioeconomic status, while for the most
of the observed health indicators and behavioural factors there was no association
with the level of optimism. |
