| Abstract | Objectives: The main aim of this study was to compare tendency towards orthorexia nervosa and narcissistic behavior between professional and recreational athletes who visit fitness centers.
Subjects and methods: In this cross-sectional survey-based study we recruited a total of 200 athletes, 100 of them professional athletes, and 100 of them recreational athletes, from chosen fitness centers in Croatia. The athletes filled out baseline information, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-13) form to look for levels of subclinical narcissism and the ORTO-15 questionnaire to investigate for tendencies towards orthorexia nervosa. Finally, the participants filled out the survey investigating levels of physical activity through International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF).
Results: Professional athletes had a higher BMI (25.38 ± 6.1 vs. 23.5 ± 3.0 kg/m2, P<0.001) and total MET (2565 (1528-3961) vs. 2088 (1449-2632) min/wk, P<0.001) than recreational athletes. Recreational athletes have a significantly higher ORTO-15 score compared to professional athletes (33 (31-39) vs. 37 (33-39), P=0.002). Professional athletes had significantly higher percentage of those participants which had higher tendency to ON, when compared with recreational athletes (57 vs 35 %, P= 0.002). Moreover, results from NPI-13 questionnaire revealed that professional athletes had significantly higher score in leadership/authority domain (1.0 (1.0-2.0) vs. 0.0 (0.0-2.0), P= 0.015) and in grandiose exhibitionism domain of narcissism (2.0 (1.0-3.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0-2.0), P=0.049), when compared with recreational athletes. There was a significant negative correlation between total NPI-13 score (r= -0.402, P<0.001) and total MET min/wk (r= -0.441, P<0.001) compared to their ORTO-15 score. Finally, analyses have shown that NPI-13 score (β= -0.213, P=0.023) and total MET min/wk (β= -0.014, P<0.001) retained significant association with ORTO-15 score, when computed in a multiple linear regression model with age and BMI.
Conclusions: Professional athletes have a higher tendency to ON compared to recreational athletes, and score higher in leadership/authority and grandiose exhibitionism domains of narcissism. In addition, ORTO-15 score shows significant negative correlation with NPI-13 score and level of physical activity. |
| Abstract (croatian) | Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti sklonost ortoreksiji nervozi i narcisoidnom
ponašanju između profesionalnih i rekreativnih sportaša koji posjećuju fitness centre.
Materijali i metode: U ovo presječno anketno istraživanju uključeno je ukupno 200 sportaša,
od kojih 100 profesionalnih sportaša i 100 rekreativaca, iz odabranih fitness centara u
Hrvatskoj. Sportaši su ispunili osnovne podatke, obrazac Narcisoidnog popisa osobnosti (NPI-
13) za traženje razina subkliničkog narcizma i ORTO-15 upitnik za istraživanje sklonosti prema
ortoreksiji nervozi. Na kraju, sudionici su ispunili anketu o razinama tjelesne aktivnosti putem
kratkog obrasca Međunarodnog upitnika o tjelesnoj aktivnosti (IPAQ-SF).
Rezultati: Profesionalni sportaši imali su veći BMI (25,38 ± 6,1 naspram 23,5 ± 3,0 kg/m2,
P<0,001) i ukupni MET (2565 (1528-3961) naspram 2088 (1449-2632) min/tjedno, P<0,001)
od rekreativaca. Rekreativci imaju značajno viši ORTO-15 rezultat u usporedbi s
profesionalnim sportašima (33 (31-39) prema 37 (33-39), P= 0,002). Profesionalni sportaši
imali su značajno veći postotak onih sudionika koji su imali veću sklonost ON-u, u usporedbi
s rekreativcima (57 prema 35 %, P= 0,002). da su profesionalni sportaši imali značajno viši
rezultat u domeni vodstva/autoriteta (1,0 (1,0-2,0) u odnosu na 0,0 (0,0-2,0), P= 0,015) i u
domeni grandioznog egzibicionizma (2,0 (1,0-3,0) u odnosu na 1,0 (1,0- 2,0), P=0,049)
upitnika, u usporedbi s rekreativcima. Postojala je značajna negativna korelacija između
ukupnog rezultata NPI-13 (r= -0,402, P<0,001) i ukupnog MET min/tjedno (r= -0,441,
P<0,001) u usporedbi s njihovim rezultatom ORTO-15. Analize su pokazale da su rezultat NPI
13 (β= -0,213, P=0,023) i ukupni MET min/tjedno (β= -0,014, P<0,001) zadržali značajnu
povezanost s rezultatom ORTO-15, kada su izračunati u modelu višestruke linearne regresije s
godinama i BMI.
Zaključci: Zaključujemo da profesionalni sportaši imaju veću sklonost ON-u u usporedbi s
rekreativcima, da profesionalni sportaši postižu više rezultate u vodstvu/autoritetu i
grandioznom egzibicionizmu od rekreativaca, dok su rezultati uravnoteženiji u pogledu
prava/izrabljivanja. Osim toga, rezultat ORTO-15 značajno negativno korelira s rezultatom
NPI-13 i razinom tjelesne aktivnosti izračunatom u ukupnom MET min/tjedno. |
