| Abstract | CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Istražiti i prikazati stupanj prevalencije kolornog poremećaja anomala
za pigmentne boje u zdravih muškaraca na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije i na taj način
osvijestiti važnost detaljne dijagnostičke obrade ovog poremećaja kako bi se olakšao odabir
budućeg zvanja.
ISPITANICI I METODE: Istraživanja su provedena u Klinici za očne bolesti KBC-a Split,
ambulanti za medicinu rada DZ-a željezničara u Splitu te ambulantama opće medicine na otocima
i u Dalmatinskoj zagori. Podatci su skupljani retrospektivno i istraživanje je obuhvatilo period od
1996. do 2022. godine. U istraživanje je uključeno 9974 muškarca starosti od 15 do 45 godina.
Svim ispitanicima je napravljena sveobuhvatna evaluacija vida i za daljne ispitivanje kolornog
vida uključeni su ispitanici s kompletno normalnim nalazom oftalmološkog pregleda. Provjera
kolornog vida se vršila s Ishihara i Stilling tablicama, a u slučaju pogrešnog čitanja tablica,
ispitanici su upućeni na na dodatne testove poput ortoretara Rodenstock s pločom No R 173,
anomaloskopa Nagel II te, ako je potrebno, Hue-Lanthony 40 test.
REZULTATI: Od 9974 ispitivana muškarca, u 847 (8,5%) ispitanika pronađen je poremećaj
kolornog vida (95% CI: 7,9-9,1). U 608 (6,1%, 95% CI: 5,6-6,6) ispitanika pronađena je anomalna
trikromazija, u 239 (2,4%, 95% CI: 2,1-2,7) dikromazija, a monokromazija nije bila dokazana.
Pojavnost anomalne trikromazije bila je 2,5 puta veća od pojavnosti dikromazije (χ2=160;
P<0,001). Udjeli podtipova anomalne trikromazije iznosili su: u 127 ispitanika je dijagnosticirana
protanomalija (21%, 95% CI: 17-25), u 419 ispitanika deuteranomalija (69%, 95% CI: 62-75), u
21 ispitanika ekstremna protanomalija (3,4%, 95%CI: 2,1-5,3), a u 41 ispitanika ekstremna
deuteranomalija (6,7%, 95% CI: 4,8-9,0). Tritanomalija u ovom istraživanju nije bila
dijagnosticirana. Pojavnost deuteranomalije bila je 12 puta češća od pojavnosti protanomalije
(χ2=87; P<0.001). Udjeli podtipova dikromazije iznosili su: U 149 ispitanika je dijagnosticirana
protanopija (62%, 95% CI: 53-73), a u 90 ispitanika je dijagnosticirana deuteranopija (38%, 95%
CI: 30-46). Tritanopija u ovom istraživanju nije bila dijagnosticirana. Pojavnost protanopije bila
je 1,6 puta češća od pojavnosti deuteranopije (χ2=14,6; P<0.001). Broj ispitanika kojima je
ustanovljen poremećaj pigmentnih anomala u odnosu na broj ispitanika iznosio je 215 (2,2%, 95%
CI: 1,9-2,5). U odnosu na broj oboljelih muškaraca od poremećaja kolornog vida, anomali za
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pigmentne boje iznose 25,4% (95% CI: 22-29). Incidencija diskromatopsija bila je 34 na 100 000
muškaraca godišnje (95% CI: 23-49), a incidencija anomala za pigmentne boje iznosila je 8,8 na
100 000 muškaraca godišnje (95% CI: 3,8-17,4).
ZAKLJUČAK: Ovo istraživanje pokazalo je da se kolorni poremećaj anomali za pigmentne boje
javlja u rasponu od 22% do 29% u odnosu na ukupan broj diskromatopsija u muškaraca na
području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije u promatranom razdoblju od 26 godina. Godišnja
incidencija tog poremećaja iznosila je 8,8 na 100 000 muškaraca odgovarajuće životne dobi |
| Abstract (english) | RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of pigment anomalies color vision
disorders in the Split-Dalmatia County area and promote understanding about the importance of
detailed diagnostic assessment of these disorders to facilitate career choices.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Clinic for Eye Diseases of
the University Hospital Center Split, the Occupational Medicine Clinic of the Railway Workers
Health Center in Split, along with general medicine office on the islands and in the Dalmatian
Hinterland. Data were collected retrospectively, covering the period from 1996 to 2022. A total of
9,974 males aged 15 to 45 years were included in the study. All participants underwent a
comprehensive ophthalmological examination, and only those with normal ophthalmological
findings were selected for further color vision testing. Color vision assessment was performed
using Ishihara and Stilling plates, and in case of incorrect readings, participants were referred for
additional tests such as the Rodenstock orthoretar with Plate No R 173, Nagel II anomaloscope,
also if required, the Hue-Lanthony 40 test.
RESULTS: Out of 9,974 examined men, a color vision disorder was found in 847 participants
(8.5%, 95% CI: 7.9-9.1). Among them, 608 participants (6.1%, 95% CI: 5.6-6.6) had anomalous
trichromacy, 239 participants (2.4%, 95% CI: 2.1-2.7) had dichromacy, and no cases of
monochromacy were detected. The prevalence of anomalous trichromacy was 2.5 times higher
than the prevalence of dichromacy (χ2= 160; P<0.001). The subtypes of anomalous trichromacy
were distributed as follows: protanomaly was diagnosed in 127 participants (21%, 95% CI: 17-
25), deuteranomaly in 419 participants (69%, 95% CI: 62-75), extreme protanomaly in 21
participants (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.1-5.3), and extreme deuteranomaly in 41 participants (6.7%, 95%
CI: 4.8-9.0). Tritanomaly was not diagnosed in this study. The prevalence of deuteranomaly was
12 times higher than the prevalence of protanomaly (χ2=87; P<0.001). Regarding dichromacy
subtypes, protanopia was diagnosed in 149 participants (62%, 95% CI: 53-73), and deuteranopia
in 90 participants (38%, 95% CI: 30-46). Tritanopia was not diagnosed in this study. The
prevalence of protanopia was 1.6 times higher than the prevalence of deuteranopia (χ2=14.6;
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P<0.001). The number of participants with pigment anomalies compared to the total number of
participants was 215 (2.2%, 95% CI: 1.9-2.5). In relation to the total number of men with color
vision disorders, pigment anomalies accounted for 25.4% (95% CI: 22-29). The incidence of
dyschromatopsia was 34 per 100,000 men per year (95% CI: 23-49), and the incidence of pigment
anomalies was 8.8 per 100,000 men per year (95% CI: 3.8-17.4).
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that color vision disorder, specifically pigment anomalies,
occurs in the range of 22% to 29% concerning the total number of dyschromatopsia cases in men
during obsereved time period of 26 years in the Split-Dalmatia County. The annual incidence of
this disorder was 8.8 per 100,000 men in the corresponding age group. |
