Abstract | Uvod i ciljevi: Zračni ili pomorski prijevoz jedino je rješenje za hitni medicinski prijevoz teško bolesnih ili ozlijeđenih osoba s udaljenih otoka u bolnicu. U akutnom koronarnom sindromu iznimno je važna pravovremena intervencija u manje od 60 minuta, uz prihvatljiv limit do 120 minuta. Podatci o hitnom helikopterskom i pomorskom prijevozu bolesnika s prsnom boli s jadranskih otoka ne postoje. Stoga se ovim istraživanjem procijenila učinkovitost i dostupnost helikopterskog i pomorskog hitnog prijevoza na jadranskim otocima kod bolesnika s akutnom prsnom boli. Ispitanici i postupci: Četverogodišnja opservacijska retrospektivna studija provedena je od 1. lipnja 2018. do 1. lipnja 2022. godine. U istraživanje su uključeni svi oni ispitanici stariji od 18 godina koji su se javili u ambulantu hitne službe na otocima: Braču, Hvaru, Korčuli, Lastovu, Mljetu, Šolti i Visu, zbog akutne boli ili nelagode u prsima kod kojih je, nakon obrade, liječnik postavio radnu dijagnozu akutnog koronarnog sindroma ili plućne embolije, a koji su potom bili hitno prebačeni zračnim ili pomorskim prijevozom u KBC Split. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 222 ispitanika (30,2% žena) dobi 71,81±13,42 godine koji su prevezeni helikopterom te 34 bolesnika (38,23% žena) dobi 73,88±10,64 godine koji su prevezeni pomorskim prijevozom (brzi brodovi u 91,17% prijevoza). Od svih pomorskih prijevoza 31 je obavljen s Brača, a tri sa Šolte. Radne dijagnoze kod helikopterskog prijevoza bile su nestabilna angina pektoris (9,5%), NSTEMI (29,3%), plućna embolija (10,4%) i STEMI (50,9%). Radne dijagnoze radi kojih je korišten hitni pomorski prijevoz bile su STEMI (44,1%), NSTEMI (20.6%), nestabilna angina pektoris (17,6%) te plućna embolija (17,6%). Od 222 ispitanika njih 102 (45,9%) stiglo je helikopterom u bolnicu za manje od 60 minuta, a 77,5% ispitanika iz Splitsko-dalmatinske županije stiglo je do bolnice u periodu kraćem od 60 minuta. Srednje ukupno prijevozno vrijeme helikopterom od poziva do bolnice bilo je 68,50±22,29 minuta. Postoji značajna razlika u srednjem ukupnom prijevoznom vremenu helikopterom između Splitsko-dalmatinske i Dubrovačko neretvanske županije (53,89±12,23 naspram 88,76±16,45 minuta; P < 0,001), između pojedinih otočnih postaja, između ljetne sezone i ostatka godine (61,93±21,93 naspram 71,85±21,79 minuta; P < 0,001). Postoji razlika u srednjem vremenu leta helikopterom između razdoblja prije i tijekom COVID-19 epidemije (44,16±15,13 naspram 40,28±14,91 minutu; P = 0,028). Ukupno helikoptersko vrijeme od poziva do bolnice bilo je u značajnoj korelaciji s vremenom od poziva do leta (r = 0,761; P < 0,001). Srednje ukupno pomorsko vrijeme bilo je duže od srednjeg ukupnog helikopterskog vremena s istih otočkih postaja (Brač i Šolta) (72,76±30,28 naspram 49,32±12,28 minuta; P < 0,001). Srednje ukupno prijevozno vrijeme helikopterom od poziva do bolnice bilo je značajno dulje kod preminulih u odnosu na preživjele ispitanike (81,38±18,82 naspram 67,70±22,28 minuta; P = 0,016). Broj dana bolničkog liječenja bolesnika koji su prevezeni pomorskim putem bio je značajno veći nego broj dana bolničkog liječenje bolesnika koji su prevezeni helikopterom (5,32±1,82 naspram 4,68±1,76 dana, P = 0,025). Zaključci: Istraživanje je pokazalo je da je hitni helikopterski prijevoz s jadranskih otoka u KBC Split bio brži od pomorskog. Postoji značajna razlika u brzini helikopterskog prijevoza između pojedinih otoka, kao i između pojedinih županija, a brzina helikopterskog prijevoza bolesnika s akutnom prsnom boli bila je kraća u ljetnoj sezoni i tijekom epidemije COVID-19. Bolesnici, koji su preživjeli, imali su kraća vremena zračnog prijevoza u odnosu na preminule, a broj dana bolničkog liječenja bolesnika koji su prevezeni pomorskim putem bio je značajno veći nego broj dana bolničkog liječenje bolesnika koji su prevezeni helikopterom. Tijekom epidemije COVID-19 bio je veći broj dana bolničkog liječenja. |
Abstract (english) | Introduction and aims: Air or sea transport is the only solution for emergency medical transport of seriously ill or injured patients from remote islands to a hospital. Timely intervention is extremely important in acute coronary syndrome, with an acceptable limit of up to 120 minutes. There is no information on the emergency helicopter and sea transport of patients with chest pain from the Adriatic islands in Croatia. Therefore, this research evaluated the effectiveness and availability of helicopter and maritime emergency transport on the Adriatic islands for patients with acute chest pain. Subjects and methods: A four-year observational retrospective study was conducted from June 1, 2018 to June 1, 2022. The study included all subjects over the age of 18 who referred to the emergency ambulance on the islands of Brač, Hvar, Korčula, Lastovo, Mljet, Šolta, and Vis due to a working diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome or pulmonary embolism and then urgently transferred by air or sea to KBC Split. Results: The research included 222 subjects (30.2% women) aged 71.81±13.42 years who were transported by helicopter, and 34 patients (38.23% women) aged 73.88±10.64 years who were transported by sea transport (31 were carried out from Brač, and three from Šolta). Of the 222 participants, 102 (45.9%) arrived at the hospital by helicopter in less than 60 minutes, and 77.5% of those from Split-Dalmatia County reached the hospital in less than 60 minutes. The mean total helicopter transport time from call to hospital was 68.50±22.29 minutes. There was a significant difference in the mean total transport time by helicopter between Split-Dalmatia and Dubrovnik-Neretva counties (53.89±12.23 vs. 88.76±16.45 minutes; P < 0.001), between island stations, between the summer season and the rest of the year (61.93±21.93 vs. 71.85±21.79 minutes; P < 0.001). There was a difference in mean helicopter flight time between the period before and during the COVID-19 epidemic (44.16±15.13 vs. 40.28±14.91 minutes; P = 0.028). Total helicopter time from call to hospital was significantly correlated with time from call to flight (r = 0.761; P < 0.001). The mean total maritime time was longer than the mean total helicopter time from the same island stations (Brač and Šolta) (72.76±30.28 vs. 49.32±12.28 minutes; P < 0.001). The mean total helicopter transport time from call to hospital was significantly longer in deceased subjects compared to survived subjects (81.38±18.82 vs. 67.70±22.28 minutes; P = 0.016). The number of days of hospital treatment in patients transported by sea was significantly higher than in patients transported by helicopter (5.32±1.82 vs. 4.68±1.76 days, P = 0.025). Conclusions: Emergency helicopter transport of patients with acute chest pain from the Adriatic islands to University Hospital in Split was faster than maritime transport. There was a significant difference in the speed of helicopter transportation between individual islands. The speed of helicopter transportation was shorter in the summer season and during the COVID-19 epidemic. Patients who survived had shorter air transport times compared to those who died, and the number of days of hospital treatment for patients who were transported by sea was significantly higher than the number of days of hospital treatment for patients who were transported by helicopter. |