| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati antitumorsko djelovanje izoflavona kalikosina u staničnim linijama tumora mokraćnog mjehura (T24, 5637 i MB49) ispitivanjem citotoksičnosti, indukcije apoptoze te utjecaja na staničnu proliferaciju i stanični metabolizam. Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno in vitro na staničnim linijama tumora mokraćnog mjehura T24, 5637 i MB49. Stanice su tretirane različitim koncentracijama kalikosina. Provedena je analiza apoptoze i staničnog ciklusa metodom western blot i protočnom citometrijom, a analiza staničnog metabolizma provedena je metodom western blot. Rezultati: Istraživanje je pokazalo da kalikosin ima citotoksičan učinak na stanice tumora mokraćnog mjehura T24, 5637 i MB49. Antitumorski učinak kalikosina varira ovisno o staničnoj liniji (T24, 5637 i MB49) te koncentraciji primijenjenog tretmana. Tretman kalikosinom doveo je do smanjenja stanične proliferacije i inducirao apoptozu, što je potvrđeno povećanom količinom aktiviranih proteina kaspaze-3 i PARP1 te smanjenjem količine proteina ciklina D1. Indukcija apoptoze i zaustavljanje staničnog ciklusa potvrđeni su metodom protočne citometrije. Kalikosin je smanjio izražaj proteina PKM2 što ukazuje na njegov potencijalni učinak na regulaciju staničnog metabolizma. Zaključci: Kalikosin je pokazao antitumorsko djelovanje na stanične linije tumora mokraćnog mjehura T24, 5637 i MB49, inducirajući apoptozu, inhibirajući stanični ciklus i mijenjajući metabolički profil stanica. Rezultati upućuju na potencijalnu primjenu kalikosina kao terapeutskog agensa u liječenju tumora mokraćnog mjehura, ali su potrebna dodatna istraživanja kako bi se precizno utvrdili mehanizmi djelovanja. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of the isoflavone calycosin in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637, and MB49) by examining cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and its effects on cell proliferation and cellular metabolism. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in vitro on bladder cancer cell lines T24, 5637, and MB49. The cells were treated with different concentrations of calycosin. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were performed using western blot and flow cytometry, and cellular metabolism was analyzed by the western blot method. Results: The study demonstrated that calycosin has a cytotoxic effect on bladder cancer cells T24, 5637, and MB49. The antitumor effect of calycosin varied depending on the cell line (T24, 5637, and MB49) and the concentration of the treatment. Treatment with calycosin led to a decrease in cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, as confirmed by increased amounts of activated caspase-3 and PARP1 proteins, and a decrease in cyclin D1 protein levels. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were confirmed by flow cytometry. Calycosin reduced the expression of the PKM2 protein, indicating its potential effect on regulating cellular metabolism. Conclusions: Calycosin showed antitumor activity on bladder cancer cell lines T24, 5637, and MB49, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting the cell cycle, and altering the metabolic profile of the cells. The results suggest the potential application of calycosin as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of bladder cancer, but further studies are needed to precisely determine the mechanisms of action. |
