| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati i usporediti prehrambene navike i stavove, te pridržavanje mediteranskom tipu prehrane između bolesnika s dijabetesom tipa 1 (DM1) i dijabetesom tipa 2 (DM2). Nadalje, ispitat će se povezanost pridržavanja mediteranskom tipu prehrane s osnovnim značajkama bolesti i prosječnim vrijednostima HbA1c.
Materijali i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 100 bolesnika s dijabetesom (34 s DM1 i 66 s DM2). Ispitanici koji su uključeni u istraživanje su bolesnici s DM koji su došli na kontrolni pregled u Centar za dijabetes KBC-a Split, u razdoblju od 1. ožujka i 1. lipnja 2019. godine. Ispitanici su ispunili anketni upitnik koji je obuhvaćao osobne podatke, te pitanja o stavovima i navikama u prehrani, te pridržavanju mediteranskom tipu prehrane (Mediterranean Dietary Serving Score). Nakon ispunjavanja anketnih upitnika izvršena su i antropometrijska mjerenja, podatci o terapiji i prosječne vrijednosti HbA1c uzeti su iz medicinske dokumentacije.
Rezultati: Unutar skupine bolesnika s DM1, zadovoljavajuće pridržavanje mediteranskom tipu prehrane pronađeno je u 20,6%, dok je unutar skupine bolesnika s DM2 pridržavanje statistički značajno niže i pronađeno je u 6,1% ispitanika (P=0,028). Pronađena je statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između duljine trajanja bolesti i pridržavanja mediteranskom tipu prehrane, koje je izraženo preko MDSS zbroja (r=0,413; P<0,001). Pronađena je statistički značajna razlika između skupine bolesnika s DM1 u odnosu na skupinu bolesnika s DM2 (P=0,011) tek u konzumaciji svježeg voća, gdje 52,9% (N=18) ispitanika iz skupine bolesnika s DM1 dovoljno konzumira svježe voće, za razliku od 27,3% (N=18) u skupini bolesnika s DM2.
Zaključak: Ukupno se 11% svih ispitanika pridržava mediteranskog tipa prehrane. Značajno više bolesnika se pridržava mediteranskog tipa prehrane u skupini bolesnika s DM1 u odnosu na skupinu bolesnika s DM2. Potrebno je provesti daljnja istraživanja s većim brojem ispitanika kako bi se dodatno ispitala povezanost pridržavanja mediteranskom tipu prehrane i kliničko-laboratorijskih značajki bolesnika s dijabetesom. |
| Abstract (english) | Aim: The aim of the study was to examine and compare nutritional habits, attitudes and adherence to Mediterranean type of diet between patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, the correlation between adherence to Mediterranean type of diet with basic characteristics of the disease and the mean values of hemoglobin A1c will be examined.
Methods: The study included 100 patients with diabetes (34 with T1D and 66 with T2D). Participants involved in the study were patients with diabetes who came to a checkup at the University Hospital of Split Center for Diabetes in the period from March 1st to June 1st 2019. The respondents filled out a questionnaire that included personal information, questions about dietary attitudes and habits, and adherence to the Mediterranean type of diet (Mediterranean Diet Serving Score). After completing questionnaires, anthropometric measurements were performed, while information about therapy and mean hemoglobin A1c were taken from medical documentation.
Results: Within the T1D group, satisfactory adherence to the Mediterranean type of diet was found was found to be 20.6%, while in the T2D group the adherence was statistically significantly lower and was found in 6.1% of patients (P=0.028). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the duration of the disease and the adherence to the Mediterranean type of diet, expressed through the MDSS score (r=0.413; P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the T1D group compared to T2D group (P=0.011) only in fresh fruit consumption, where 52.9% (N=18) patients in the T1D group consumed enough fresh fruit, while 27.3% of patients consumed enough fresh fruit in the T2D group.
Conclusion: A total of 11% of all respondents adhere to the Mediterranean type of diet. Significantly more patients adhere to the Mediterranean type of diet in the T1D group compared to T2D group. Further studies with a larger number of patients need to be conducted to further investigate the correlation of adherence to the Mediterranean type of diet and clinical-laboratory characteristics of diabetic patients. |
