| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je prikazati incidenciju i stopu rekurencije TGA, kao i utvrditi potencijalne etiološke čimbenike za njezinu pojavu u pacijenata hospitaliziranih u Klinici za neurologiju KBC-a Split.
Materijali i metode: Provedeno je retrospektivno istraživanje koje je obuhvatilo 139 pacijenata hospitaliziranih u Klinici za neurologiju od 1. siječnja 2015. do 31. prosinca 2019. godine. Uvidom u protokol i arhivu povijesti bolesti prikupljeni su sljedeći podatci o pacijentima: osnovne demografske karakteristike (dob i spol), duljina trajanja amnezije, okolnosti nastupa amnezije, popratni simptomi i komorbiditeti . U statističkoj obradi korištene su metode deskriptivne statistike, Hi kvadrat (χ2) test i t-test.
Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja pacijenata njih 39,6% bilo je muškog, a 60,4% ženskog spola i ta se razlika pokazala statistički značajnom (χ2 test; P = 0,014). Prosječna dob pri kojoj je dijagnosticirana TGA, neovisno o spolu, iznosila je 64,7 godina (raspon: 41-90 godina). Prosječna godišnja incidencija TGA za promatrano razdoblje, neovisna o spolu, iznosila je 6,12/100 000 stanovnika, odnosno 5/100 000 za muški spol i 7,2/100 000 za ženski. TGA značajno se češće pojavljivala u jutarnjim satima. Medijan prosječne duljine trajanja amnezije bio je 1 h (min-maks: 0,17-10). Retrogradnu amneziju imalo je 23,7% pacijenata. Najčešći simptomi pridruženi poremećaju pamćenja bili su glavobolja (17,3% pacijenata), mučnina (10%) i vrtoglavica (3,6%). Različiti tipovi glavobolje bili su dio anamneze 11,5% pacijenata. Kardiovaskularni čimbenici rizika poput hipertenzije, hiperlipidemije, dijabetesa, ishemijske srčane bolesti, srčanih aritmija i preboljene TIA u različitim postotcima pojavljivali su se u pacijenata u našoj studiji. U 9,4% pacijenata TGA je nastupila nakon aktivnosti povezane s Valsalvinim manevrom. Jedan pacijent epizodu TGA doživio je nakon kolonoskopije, a jedan nakon cijepljenja protiv gripe. Depresiju ili anksioznost imalo je 5,8% pacijenata. Rekurentnu epizodu doživjelo je 8,6% pacijenata. Jedan pacijent imao je rekurentnu postkoitalnu TGA.
Zaključak: Naša studija pokazala je kako je incidencija TGA na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije u promatranom razdoblju bila 6,12/100 000 stanovnika, a stopa rekurencije iznosila je 8,6%. TGA se pojavljivala češće u žena, a prosječna dob nastupa amnezije bila je 64,7 godina. Poremećaj je češće nastupao u jutarnjim satima, a medijan trajanja amnezije bio je 1 h. Različiti čimbenici rizika koje smo pronašli u literaturi dio su anamneze pacijenata i u našoj studiji. To su migrena, kardiovaskularni čimbenici rizika, psihijatrijski komorbiditeti i događaji povezani s Valsalvinim manevrom. Etiologija epizodičnog zakazivanja sustava recentne memorije moguće je višestruka i potrebno ju je daljnjim istraživanjima rasvijetliti. |
| Abstract (english) | Objective: The aim of this study was to present the incidence and recurrence of transient global amnesia as well as its potential etiological factors in patients hospitalized at the Department of Neurology, UMC Split in the period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019.
Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Split. 139 patients, with the diagnosis of transient global amnesia, diagnosed between 1st of January 2015 to 31st of December 2019, were included. The following patient data was collected in the protocol and in the archives of the history of the disease: basic demographic characteristics (age and sex), duration of amnesia, circumstances during which TGA has occurred, accompanying symptoms and others diseases. In the statistical analysis methods of descriptive statistics, Hi squared (χ2) test and t-test were used.
Results: Out of the total number of patients with transient global amnesia, there were 39.6% of men and 60.4% of women. There was a statistically significant difference in the diagnosis of transient global amnesia with regard to sex (χ2 test; P = 0.014). The average age of the diagnosis was 64.7 years (min-max: 41-90 years). Mean incidence per year for the observed period was 6.12/100 000, 5/100 000 for men and 7.2/100 000 for women. TGA has significantly more often occurred in the morning. The median of the duration of amnesia was 1 h (min-max: 0,17-10). Retrograde amnesia occurred in 23.7% of patients. The most common accompanying symptoms were headache (17.3% of patients), nausea (10%) and vertigo (3.6%). A history of different types of headache was present in 11.5% of patients. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias and TIA have appeared in different percentages among our patients. In 9.4% of patients TGA occurred after Valsalva associated activity. In one patient an episode of TGA occurred after colonoscopy and in another one after influenza vaccination. Anxiety or depressive syndrome was present in 5.8% of patients. The recurrence rate of TGA was 8.6%. One patient had recurrent postcoital TGA.
Conclusion: Our study has shown that incidence of TGA in the County of Split-Dalmatia in the observed period was 6.12/100 000, and the recurrence rate was 8.6%. TGA has more often occurred in women and the mean age of the diagnosis was 64.7 years. Amnesia has more often occurred in the morning and the median of the duration of amnesia was 1 h. Different risk factors which we have found in the literature were also parts of personal anamnesis of patients in our study. Those were migraine, cardiovascular risk factors, psychiatric diseases and Valsalva associated activities. It is possible that the etiology of episodical disfunction of recent memory formation is multiple and there is a need for more research in this enigmatic field of medicine. |
