Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of vitamin D receptors (VDR), CYP24 and 1α hydroxylase (1α OHase) in livers of rats after long-term high sucrose intake. Materials and methods: Eight Wistar rats were divided into two groups. One group receiving water (control group, ctrl.) and the other receiving 30% w/v sucrose solution (sucrose group, sah) as drinking solution ad libitum. All rats were fed with standard laboratory chow (4RF21 GLP, Mucedola srl, Settimo Milanese, Italy) ad libitum. Six months after the beginning of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and their livers prepared for immunohistochemistry. Percentage of immunoreactive area and intensity of fluorescence of VDR, CYP24 and 1α OHase was measured via Image J software. Results: Prominent lipid accumulation in the liver of rats treated with long term sucrose treatment was shown via histological examination. We also found a significantly greater percentage of strongly VDR-immunoreactive hepatocytes (p<0.05) in sucrose-treated rats, with emphasis of staining to the membrane of cytosolic lipid droplets. Additionally, we noticed a non-significant increase in the percentage area and intensity of fluorescence of 1α OHase, while hepatic expression of CYP 24 was significantly elevated in the sucrose-treated group compared to the control group. Conclusions: These results provide evidence about the potential relation of high-sugar diet and disturbance of the vitamin D metabolism in liver, with substantial shift toward vitamin D degradation. The observed changes might influence the local hepatic vitamin D metabolism and potentially be involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. However, extensive liver vitamin D degradation caused by prolonged high-sugar intake might also affect systemic vitamin D concentration, having substantial consequence in mineral metabolism and bone remodeling.