Abstract | Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine whether the social, political, and medical changes during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the outcome of myocardial infarctions.
Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. Data was acquired from the REGIOMED hospital in Coburg, Germany. 999 data sets of patients were used. In the time frame from the 2nd of March 2020 and the 28th of February 2021 and the respective period in 2019/2020 all patients with an acute myocardial infarction, who received a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included into the study. To see which impact the pandemic had on the outcome of the disease the left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF), Troponin, MB part of creatine kinase (CK-MB), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and major adverse cardiac events were compared between the two years. Additionally, the two distinct waves of the pandemic were compared against each other and with the respective periods in the preceding year.
Results: A decrease in admissions was noted during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical analysis showed a significant decrease of the left ventricular ejection fraction (P=0.038) in patients presenting during the pandemic, the CK-MB levels were increased (P=0.004). An isolated analysis of the first COVID-19 wave showed elevated CK-MB compared to the control group (P=0.048). The other variables were not significantly worse. In the second wave the LV-EF was significantly decreased compared to the previous year (P=0.026), additionally the creatinine values were increased as well (P=0.033; P=0.009). Comparing both waves with each other, the second wave showed a worse outcome as more people suffered from life-threatening tachycardias (P=0.018) and more people died (P=0.033). The two measured CRP-values were significantly increased in the second wave compared to the first one (P=0.045; P=0.009).
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic did have a negative impact on the outcome of myocardial infarctions. Especially noteworthy is the decreased left ventricular ejection fraction recorded in the whole first year of the pandemic and additionally in the second wave. The ejection fraction is an important prognostic factor. With information from other studies, a probable cause of the worse outcome is a delay in presentation after symptom onset. |
Abstract (croatian) | Ciljevi: Cilj ove studije bio je ispitati jesu li društvene, političke i medicinske promjene tijekom pandemije COVID-19 imale značajan utjecaj na ishod infarkta miokarda.
Materijali i metode: Studija je zamišljena kao retrospektivna analitička presječna studija. Podaci su dobiveni iz bolnice REGIOMED u Coburgu, Njemačka. Korišteno je 999 skupova podataka o pacijentima. U roku od 2. ožujka 2020. i 28. veljače 2021. i odgovarajućeg razdoblja 2019./2020. U istraživanje su uključeni svi bolesnici s akutnim infarktom miokarda lije;eni perkutana koronarna intervencija (PCI). Kako bi se vidjelo kakav je utjecaj pandemije imala na ishod bolesti, uspoređeni su ejekciona frakcija lijeve klijetke (LV-EF), troponin, MB dio kreatin kinaze (CK-MB), N-terminalni natriuretski peptid za mozak (NT-proBNP), kreatinin, C-reaktivni protein (CRP) i veliki štetni srčani događaji između dvije godine. Osim toga, uspoređena su dva različita vala pandemije jedan s drugim i s odgovarajućim razdobljima u prethodnoj godini.
Rezultati: Tijekom prve godine pandemije COVID-19 zabilježen je pad broja prijema. Statistička analiza je pokazala značajno smanjenje istisne frakcije lijeve klijetke (P=0,038) u bolesnika koji su se pojavili tijekom pandemije. Zabilježen je značajan porast razine CK-MB (P=0,004). Izolirana analiza prvog vala COVID-19 pokazala je povišeni CK-MB u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (P=0,048). Ostale varijable nisu bile značajno lošije. U drugom valu LV-EF značajno je smanjen u usporedbi s prethodnom godinom (P=0,026), dodatno su povećane i vrijednosti kreatinina (P=0,033; P=0,009). Uspoređujući oba vala međusobno, drugi val je pokazao lošiji ishod jer je više ljudi patilo od tahikardija (P=0,018) opasnih po život, a više ljudi je umrlo. Dvije izmjerene CRP-vrijednosti bile su značajno povećane u drugom valu u odnosu na prvi (P=0,045; P=0,009).
Zaključci: Pandemija COVID-19 je imala negativan utjecaj na ishod infarkta miokarda. Posebno se ističe smanjena ejekciona frakcija lijeve klijetke zabilježena tijekom cijele prve godine pandemije i dodatno u drugom valu. Izbačena frakcija je važan prognostički čimbenik. Uz informacije iz drugih studija, vjerojatni uzrok goreg ishoda je kašnjenje u prezentaciji nakon pojave simptoma. |