| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi etiologiju, najčešće kliničke značajke i specifičnosti tonske audiometrije akutne akustične traume, te ispitati postoje li razlike u navedenim značajkama u odnosu na spol i dobne skupine. Cilj je bio i odrediti postoje li razlike u incidenciji akutne akustične traume prema spolu i dobnim skupinama.
Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici su pacijenti između 18 i 64 godine života koji su se javili u audiološku ambulantu nakon akutne akustične traume, te im je urađena tonska audiometrija u Zavodu za audiologiju Klinike za bolesti uha, grla i nosa s kirurgijom glave i vrata u razdoblju između 1. siječnja 2019 godine i 1. siječnja 2022. godine. U sklopu istraživanja, bolesnicima su analizirani sljedeći parametri: dob, spol, način i mjesto nastanka ozljede, nalazi lokalnog statusa, te dijagnoza i kliničke značajke akutne akustične traume. Tonskom audiometrijom ispitani su pragovi čujnosti, jačina oštećenja i vrsta nagluhosti.
Rezultati: Istraživanjem obuhvaćeno je 68 ispitanika, od kojih je bilo 7 (10%) žena i 61 (90%) muškaraca . Medijan životne dobi ispitanika iznosio je 35 godina (Q1 – Q3: 26-49; min-maks: 18-64), te nema statistički značajne razlike životne dobi između muškaraca i žena (Z=0,535; P=0,593). Razdioba ispitanika prema etiologiji (glazba, radni uređaj) statistički se značajno razlikovala u odnosu na dobne skupine. Od 17 ispitanika životne dobi od 18 do 30 godina, njih 16 (94%) oštećenje sluha dobilo je glasnom glazbom. Ispitanici dobne skupine od 31 do 50 godina (n=13) i dobne skupine od 51 do 64 godine (n=10) oštećenje sluha dobili su zbog radnih uređaja. Nema statistički značajne razlike u intenzitetu gubitka sluha između muškaraca i žena (Z=1,29; P=0,195). U kliničkim karakteristikama traume i nalazima tonske audiometrije, nema statistički značajne razlike između dobnih skupina, niti između spolova. Incidencija akutne akustične traume za 2,4 puta veća je u dobi od 18 do 30 godina nego u životnoj dobi od 31 do 50 godina (P=0,001), a za 2,8 puta veća je u dobi od 18 do 30 godina nego u dobnoj skupini od 51 do 64 godine (P<0,001). Incidencija akutne akustične traume nije se statistički značajno razlikovala između dobnih skupina od 31 do 50 godina i 51 do 64 godine (P=0,657).
Zaključci: Akutna akustična trauma uha češće se javlja u muškaraca zbog prirode posla, anatomske predispozicije, dužeg boravka u buci i korištenju različitih radnih uređaja. Mlađa populacija zastupljenija je zbog izloženosti glazbi visokih intenziteta i pretjeranom korištenju slušalica za uho. Karakterističan nalaz u tonskoj audiometriji je senzoneuralni gubitak sluha na 4 kHz. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of this study was to determine the etiology, most common clinical characteristics and specifics of pure - tone audiometry of acute acoustic trauma, and to examine whether there are differences in the mentioned caracteristics in relation to gender and age groups. The aim was also to determine whether there are differences in the incidence of acute acoustic trauma according to gender and age groups.
Patients and methods: The subjects were patients between 18 and 64 years of age who came to the audiology clinic after acute acoustic trauma, and had tone audiometry performed at the Department of Audiology of the Clinic for Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases with head and neck surgery in the period between January 1, 2019 and January 1, 2022. The subjects were analyzed according to the following parameters: age, gender, method and place of injury, findings of local status, and diagnosis and clinical features of acute acoustic trauma. Hearing thresholds, severity of damage and type of hearing loss were tested using tone audiometry.
Results: The study included 68 respondents, of which there were 7 (10%) women and 61 (90%) men. The average age of the respondents was 35 years (Q1 – Q3: 26-49; min-max: 18-64), and there is no statistically significant difference in age between men and women (Z=0.535; P=0.593). The distribution of respondents according to etiology (music, work device) statistically significantly differed in relation to age groups. Out of 17 respondents between the ages of 18 and 30, 16 (94%) suffered hearing damage from loud music. Respondents in the age group from 31 to 50 years (n=13) and in the age group from 51 to 64 years (n=10) suffered hearing damage due to work devices. There is no statistically significant difference in the intensity of hearing loss between men and women (Z=1.29; P=0.195). In the clinical characteristics of the trauma and the findings of pure - tone audiometry, there are no statistically significant differences between age groups, as well as between genders. The frequency of acute acoustic trauma is 2.4 times higher in the age group of 18 to 30 years than in the age group of 31 to 50 years (P=0.001), and is 2.8 times higher in the age group from 18 to 30 years than in the age group from 51 to 64 years (P<0.001). The frequency of acute acoustic trauma was not statistically significantly different between the age groups of 31 to 50 years and 51 to 64 years (P=0.657).
Conclusion: Acute acoustic ear trauma occurs more often in men due to work environment, anatomical predisposition, prolonged exposure to noise and the use of various work devices. The younger population is more represented due to exposure to high-intensity music and excessive use of earphones. A characteristic finding in pure - tone audiometry is sensorineural hearing loss at 4 kHz. |
