| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoje li promjene u vitalnim parametrima, zasićenost krvi kisikom i srčana frekvencija, za vrijeme različitih faza endodontskog liječenja zuba.
Ispitanici i metode: Uzorak se sastojao od 20 ispitanika, od čega 3 muškarca (15%) i 17 žena (85%), u dobi od 22 do 68 godina, prosječne vrijednosti 47 godina (IQR=39-57.5). Svi ispitanici su bili podvrgnuti liječenju korijenskih kanala. Ispitanici su ispunili Corahov upitnik za procjenu dentalne anksioznosti (DAS) i vizualno analognu skalu (VAS) boli . Postavljen im je pulsni oksimetar na prst lijeve ruke kako bi pratili srčanu frekvenciju i zasićenost krvi kisikom. Parametri su promatrani kroz pet faza: prilikom aplikacije lokalnog anestetika, trepanacije zuba, kemijsko mehaničke obrade korijenskih kanala, opturacije i postendodontske opskrbe. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 20 ispitanika. Od toga 3 muškarca (15%) i 17 žena
(85%) u dobi od 22 do 68 godina, svi podvrgnuti liječenju korijenskih kanala. Medijan dobi ispitanika bio je 47 godina. Na ljestvici dentalne anksioznosti medijan je bio 9 bodova, bez značajne razlike između muškaraca i žena (Z=1,18; P=0,236). Rezultati su pokazali da bol raste s povećanjem anksioznosti, iako nije utvrđena značajna povezanost između VAS i DAS rezultata (rho=0,227; P=0,337). Bol je mjerena putem VAS ljestvice, gdje je utvrđen medijan od 1 boda (raspon 0-9). Muškarci su imali medijan boli 0, dok su žene imale 3 boda, bez statistički značajne razlike između spolova (Z=1,47; P=0,141). Također, nije utvrđena povezanost između dobi pacijenata i boli (rho=0,41; P=0,075). Srednja srčana frekvencija (HR) bila je najviša u fazi apliciranja lokalnog anestetika, a najniža u fazi postendodontske opskrbe, uz statistički značajan pad tijekom liječenja (P=0,009). Nije utvrđena značajna razlika u HR između muškaraca i žena, niti povezanost HR s dobi pacijenata. Zasićenost krvi kisikom (SaO2) pokazala je lagani pad tijekom liječenja, od 97% na početku do 96% na kraju, bez statistički značajnog pada (P=0,420). Stariji ispitanici su imali niže vrijednosti zasićenosti krvi kisikom tijekom apliciranja lokalnog anestetika (rho=-0,74; P<0,001), opturacije (rho=-0,48; P=0,034) i postendodontske opskrbe (rho=-0,62; P=0,003) te je u tim fazama utvrđena značajna negativna povezanost.
Zaključci: Prema rezultatima istraživanja žene su se izjasnile anksioznije od muškaraca prema upitniku za procjenu dentalne anksioznosti, i to za 2 boda. Kod ispitanika dolazi do povećanja boli se s porastom stupnja anksioznosti, iako statistički neznačajno. Srčana frekvencija prema kraju liječenja opada, neovisno o stupnju dentalne anksioznosti. Najveća vrijednost je pri apliciranju lokalnog anestetika. Dok zasićenost krvi kisikom pada kako se dob ispitanika povećava, što se može objasniti smanjenjem kapaciteta pluća s godinama. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine whether there are changes in vital parameters, oxygen saturation and heart rate, during different phases of endodontic dental treatment.
Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 20 participants, including 3 men and 17 women, aged between 22 and 68 years, with an average age of 47 years (IQR=39-57.5). All participants underwent root canal treatment. They completed the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. A pulse oximeter was placed on the left-hand finger to monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation. The parameters were observed during five phases: application of local anesthesia, tooth trepanation, chemicalmechanical preparation of root canals, obturation, and post-endodontic restoration.
Results: The study involved 20 participants (3 men and 17 women) aged between 22 and 68 years, all of whom underwent root canal treatment. The median age of the participants was 47 years. On the Dental Anxiety Scale the median score was 9 points, with no significant difference between men and women (Z=1.18; P=0.236). The results showed that pain increases with increased anxiety, although no significant correlation was found between VAS and DAS scores (rho=0.227; P=0.337). Pain was measured using the VAS scale, with a median score of 1 point (range 0-9). Men had a median pain score of 0, while women had 3 points, with no statistically significant difference between genders (Z=1.47; P=0.141). Additionally, no correlation was found between the age of patients and pain (rho=0.41; P=0.075). The average heart rate (HR) was highest during the application of local anesthesia and lowest during post-endodontic restoration, with a statistically significant decrease throughout the treatment (P=0.009). No significant difference in HR was found between men and women, nor was there a correlation between HR and the age of the patients. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) showed a slight decrease during treatment, from 97% at the beginning to 96% at the end, with no statistically significant drop (P=0.420). Older participants had lower SaO2 values during the application of local anesthesia (rho=-0.74; P<0.001), obturation (rho=-0.48; P=0.034), and post-endodontic restoration (rho=-0.62; P=0.003), with a significant negative correlation found in these phases Conclusions: According to the research results, women reported higher levels of anxiety than men on the dental anxiety assessment questionnaire, by 2 points. Among participants, pain increases with the level of anxiety, although this is not statistically significant. Heart rate decreases towards the end of treatment, regardless of the level of dental anxiety. The highest heart rate value is observed during the application of local anesthesia. Meanwhile, oxygen saturation decreases as the age of the participants increases, which can be explained by the reduction in lung capacity with age. |
