| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Istražiti postoje li spolne razlike u simptomima i težini depresije.
Ustroj istraživanja: Opažajno-presječno istraživanje.
Mjesto istraživanja: Istraživanje je provedeno u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split u Regionalnom centru za psihotraumu i Klinici za psihijatriju.
Sudionici: U istraživanje je uključeno 30 muškaraca i 30 žena. Kriteriji uključenja bili su dijagnoza depresivne epizode (F32 ili F33) prema MKB-10 klasifikaciji, ambulantno ili bolničko liječenje u mjestima istraživanja te dob od 18 do 65 godina. Isključili smo ispitanike s dijagnozom psihoze, aktualne ovisnike o alkoholu i/ili psihoaktivnim drogama te mentalno retardirane.
Glavne mjere ishoda: Glavne mjere ishoda praćene u istraživanju su spolne razlike u težini depresije po Hamiltonovoj ljestvici, u stupnju depresije po MKB-10 klasifikaciji te u kliničkoj slici depresije. Od sporednih mjera zanimaju nas razlike u težini depresije po Hamiltonovoj ljestvici te u stupnju depresije s obzirom na dob, stupanj obrazovanja, radni i bračni status. Provjerit ćemo ima li korelacije između dobi i težine depresije po Hamiltonovoj ljestvici.
Rezultati: Nema spolne razlike u težini depresije po Hamiltonovoj ljestvici (t-test, P=0.174). Postoji statistički značajna povezanost između stupnja depresije po MKB-10 klasifikaciji i spola (χ2 test, P<0.001). Muškarci su češće u umjerenoj, a žene u blagoj ili teškoj depresiji. Klinička slika depresije između spolova razlikuje se u četiri simptoma (Mann-Whitney U-test): agitacija (P=0.049), psihička anksioznost (P=0.010), genitalni simptomi (P<0.001) i gubitak tjelesne mase (P=0.006). Pritom žene iznose teže tegobe kod svih simptoma, osim genitalnih. Nema razlike u težini depresije po Hamiltonovoj ljestvici s obzirom na dob, stupanj obrazovanja, radni i bračni status. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost između stupnja depresije po MKB-10 klasifikaciji i dobnih skupina (χ2 test, P=0.016), pri čemu stariji od 50 godina naginju umjerenoj depresiji a preostali naginju teškoj depresiji. S obzirom na stupanj obrazovanja, radni i bračni status nije bilo nikakve razlike u stupnju depresije po MKB-10 klasifikaciji. Korelacija dobi i težine depresije bila je statistički značajna jedino za žene (P=0.033), pri čemu se s povećanjem dobi smanjuje težina depresije po Hamiltonovoj ljestvici. Kod muškaraca i u ukupnom uzorku nema statistički značajne korelacije.
Zaključci: Nema spolne razlike u težini depresije po Hamiltonovoj ljestvici. Postoji spolna razlika stupnja depresije po MKB-10 klasifikaciji. Muškarci su češće u umjerenoj, a žene u blagoj ili teškoj depresiji. Spolna razlika u kliničkoj slici očituje se u četiri simptoma: agitacija, psihička anksioznost, genitalni simptomi i gubitak tjelesne mase. Pritom žene iznose teže tegobe kod svih simptoma, osim genitalnih. |
| Abstract (english) | Objective: To investigate gender differences in symptoms and severity of depression.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Settings: Research was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry and Regional Center for Psychotrauma at Clinical Hospital Centre Split.
Participants: The study included 30 men and 30 women. Inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of depressive episode (F32 or F33) according to ICD-10 classification, ambulatory care or hospitalization at our Regional Centre or Department and age from 18 to 65. We excluded patients with diagnosis of psychosis, alcohol and/or drug abusers and mentally retarded.
Main outcome measures: Main outcome measures obtained in this research are gender differences in severity of depression according to Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), in level of depression according to ICD-10 classification and in symptoms of depression. From secondary outcome measures we are interested in differences in severity of depression according to HAM-D and in the level of depression in regard of age, education, employment status and marital status. We will investigate the correlation between age and severity of depression according to HAM-D.
Results: There is no gender difference in severity of depression according to HAM-D (t-test, P=0.174). There is statistically significant connection between level of depression according to ICD-10 classification and gender (χ2 test, P<0.001). Men are more often in moderate and women in mild or severe depression. Gender differences in symptoms are present in four symptoms (Mann-Whitney U-test): agitation (P=0.049), psychic anxiety (P=0.010), genital symptoms (P<0.001) and loss of weight (P=0.006). Women seem to experience more severe symptoms, except genital symptoms. There is no difference in severity of depression according to HAM-D in regard of age, education, employment and marital status. There is statistically significant connection between level of depression according to ICD-10 classification and age groups (χ2 test, P=0.016), where subjects older than 50 years more often suffer from moderate depression and the others from severe depression. Considering level of education, employment and marital status there was no difference in level of depression according to ICD-10 classification. The correlation between age and severity of depression was statistically significant only for women (P=0.033), where with aging the severity of depression was diminishing. For men and for total sample there was not statistically significant correlation.
Conclusions: There is no gender difference in severity of depression according to HAM-D. There is gender difference in the level of depression according to ICD-10 classification. Men are more often in moderate, while women are in mild or severe depression. Gender differences in symptoms are evident in four symptoms: agitation, psychic anxiety, genital symptoms and weight loss. Women seem to experience more severe symptoms, except genital symptoms. |
