| Abstract | Cilj: Rast i razvoja zuba podložan je djelovanju čitavog niza genskih, sustavnih i lokalnih čimbenika, koji ga mogu ugroziti i dovesti do pojave brojnih anomalija. Mutacije pojedinih gena smatraju se odgovornim za anomalije broja zuba. Nepravilnosti broja zuba nastaju kao posljedica poremećaja u fazi inicijacije i fazi proliferacije razvoja zametka zuba, a to mogu biti hiperdoncija, anodoncija, oligodoncija i hipodoncija. S obzirom da su ranija istraživanja o učestalosti hipodoncije u Republici Hrvatskoj objavljena prije više od 20 godina, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti učestalost hipodoncije u djece i adolescenata analizom panoramskih radiografskih snimaka.
Materijali i metode: U ovo retrospektivno istraživanje uključeno je 210 pacijenata kojima je napravljena digitalna panoramska radiografska snimka (ortopantomogram) po standardnom protokolu snimanja u Centru za dentalnu radiologiju X-Dent. Nedostatak zuba dijagnosticiran je ukoliko na snimci nije bio vidljiv zametak zuba ili zub u cijelosti, a isključena je mogućnost da je zub bio izvađen. Nedostatak gornjih i donjih trećih kutnjaka nisu uključeni u analizu.
Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 210 ispitanika, od čega 111 žena (52,9%) i 99 muškaraca (47,1%) prosječne životne dobi 17,92±6,19 godina. U 18 ispitanika s hipodoncijom nedostajalo je ukupno 30 trajnih zuba, od čega 17 u maksili i 13 u mandibuli. Najčešće je nedostajao gornji lijevi drugi pretkutnjak (23,3%). Hipodoncija je bila učestalija u žena nego u muškaraca (9,9% vs. 6,1%, P=0,307). U većine ispitanika s hipodoncijom nedostajalo je jedan ili dva zuba.
Zaključak: U našem istraživanju učestalost hipodoncije procjenjena analizom panoramskih radiografskih snimaka u djece i adolescenata bila je 8,6%. Relativno velika učestalost hipodoncije u populaciji dentalnih pacijenata ukazuje na važnost pravodobnog prepoznavanja i liječenja takvih pacijenata. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: Tooth formation and development are liable to all range of genetic, methodical and local factors, which can endanger it and lead to certain anomalies. Mutation of certain genes are considered to be responsible for the anomalies in the number of teeth. Irregularity in the number of teeth are the result of disorders in initiation and proliferaion stage of tooth bud development. Teeth number anomalies can be divided in subgroups: hyperdontia, anodontia, oligodontia and hypodontia. Previous studies about the prevalence of congenitally missing teeth in Croatia have been conducted over 20 years ago. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenitally missing teeth among children and adolescents in Croatia by the analysis of the panoramic radiographs.
Materials and methods: There were 210 patients included in this study. Digital panoramic radiographs (orthopantomograph) were taken according to the standard protocol of radiography in the Cener of dental radiology X – dent. Missing tooth was diagnosed if the tooth bud or the whole tooth was not visible on the radiograph. Additionally, the possibility of the tooth being exctracted was also excluded. Missing third molars were not included in the analysis.
Results: The study included 210 patients, 111 women (52,9%) and 99 men (47,1%) average age of 17,92 ±6,19 years. In 18 subjects with hypodontia a total of 30 permanent teeth were missing, 17 in the maxilla and 13 in the mandible. The most commonly missing tooth was the upper left premolar (23,3%). Hypodontia was more common in women than in men (9,9% vs. 6,1%, P=0,307). In most subjects with hypodontia one or two teeth were missing.
Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of hypodontia in children and adolescents, according to the analysis of panoramic radiographs, was 8,6%. Relatively high prevalence of hypodontia in children and adolescents indicates the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of those patients. |
