Objectives: Pediatric leukemias are generally characterized by recurrent genetic aberrations, which are thought to be specifically associated with diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency and types of acquired chromosomal aberrations and correlation with other biological characteristics and prognostic risk factors. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical features and results of cytogenetics and molecular analysis for patients younger than 18 years with newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia from January 2000 to December 2017. Results: In an 18-year period, 98 children with pediatric leukemia were hospitalized, 47 girls (48 %) and 51 boys (52 %). We had 76 patients diagnosed with ALL (77%), 20 with AML (21%), and 2 with CML (2%). Fever, pallor, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly were the four most common presenting symptoms of leukemia in children (more than 50%). Among all patients, 29% had normal karyotype while 71% had acquired numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberrations. The most frequent chromosomal aberrations in pediatric ALL were t(12;21) ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene (27%) and hyperdiploidy (15%), both associated with prognostic favorable outcomes and B cell lineage immunophenotype. In AML subgroup, the most frequent chromosomal aberration was translocation t(8;21) with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion gene (21%), slightly higher than reported in the 2008 WHO Classification. On the other hand, the frequency of 11q23 MLL-rearrangements, t(15;17) with PML-RARA fusion gene, inv(16) or del(16q), deletion -7/del(7q) was in accordance to the literature. Two patients were diagnosed with CML, Ph-positive. Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of various acquired chromosomal aberrations as well as their correlation with clinical and biological risk factors in a group of children with newly diagnosed leukemia are similar to previously published studies at pediatric population in Europe and US.