Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the self-esteem of teenagers and the evaluation of the aesthetic component of their smiles. Materials and methods: The research was conducted through physical questionnaires in the schools of Split-Dalmatia County on 413 students aged 13 to 18. The first part contained general and demographic questions, as well as a question about the use and desire to use orthodontic therapy. In the second part, according to the photo of the aesthetic component of the IOTN index, the respondents assessed the aesthetics of their smiles, placing themselves in one of the ten degrees of the aesthetic element of the IOTN index. The third part consisted of Coopersmith's self-esteem questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, the doctor of dental medicine determined the aesthetics of each child's smile. Results: The connection between the self-esteem of teenagers and the assessment of the aesthetic component of their own smile has been proven. Those who rated their aesthetics as better have higher self-esteem. The correlation coefficient between the assessment of smile aesthetics by the child and the doctor of dental medicine is R = 0.556 (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, a significant difference was observed between the self-esteem of those subjects who assessed their aesthetics equally to the doctor of dental medicine and those who considered their smile aesthetics as lower than whether the doctor of dental medicine estimated it (P = 0.032). Conclusion: There is an association between the self-concept of smile aesthetics and the individual's self-esteem.