| Sažetak | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati iskustva njegovateljica i medicinskih sestara koje su zaposlene u domovima za starije i nemoćne osobe o načinima provođenja oralne higijene u štićenika koji to nisu u mogućnosti učiniti sami, kao i procjeniti potrebu njegovatelja za dodatnim edukacijama.
Metode: U razdoblju od ožujka do lipnja 2022. godine je provodeno istraživanje u kojem je sudjelovalo 50 ispitanica koje su zaposlene u domovima za starije i nemoćne osobe. Istraživanje je provedeno korištenjem izrađenog upitnika koji je bio podijeljen po domovima za starije i nemoćne u papirnatom formatu. Anketni upitnik se sastojao od dva dijela. Prvi dio upitnika se sastojao od pitanja s jednim točnim odgovorom koja su se odnosila na opće podatke kako što su spol, dob, zanimanje, godine radnog staža. U drugom dijelu upitnika ponuđene su izjavne tvrdnje kojima se procjenjuje educiranost njegovateljica i medicinskih sestara o oralnom zdravlju, te kako oralno zdravlje može imati utjecaj na opće zdravlje i obrnuto. U ovom dijelu upitnika je korištena Likertova skala s vrijednostim od 1 do 5. Provođenje istraživanja je odobrilo Etičko povjerenstvo Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu.
Rezultati: U ovom istraživanju su svi ispitanici bili ženskog spola. 30 njih su bile njegovateljice, dok su ostale bile medicinske sestre. 80% ispitanica je u sklopu svog obrazovanja ili zaposlenja prošla obuko o oralnoj zdravstvenoj njezi. Gotovo sve ispitanice pomažu u provođenju oralne higijene štićenicima koji to nisu u mogućnosti sami učiniti. Najčešće to čine jedan ili dva puta dnevno i 72% ih pri tome čisti jezik. 84% ispitanica koriste gaze koje su natopljenje antiseptikom i to rade u slučajevima kako štićenici nemaju zube ili ako ne mogu jako otvoriti usta. Međutim, ipak 2% njih to radi kada štićenici imaju neke ranice u ustima. Svi štićenici pružaju otpor prilikom provođenja oralne higijene, neki uvijek ,a neki ponekad. Isto tako, svi nose proteze koje tijekom noći skidanju i pohranjuju ih u posudi uronjene u vodu. Samo 58% ispitanica svaki dan čiste proteze štićenicima, dok 38% njih to rade povremeno. Većina štićenika odlazi na preglede kod stomatologa samo po potrebi (bol, klimavost, krvarenje), a 16% ih odlazi redovito, odnosno 2 puta godišnje. Gotovo sve ispitanice smatraju da ranice koje ne cijele u usnoj šupljini mogu potencijalno biti prekanceroze, kao i da je oralno zdravlje povezano s kvalitetom okusa, žvakanja i gutanja. Zadovoljavajuća je i razina znanja vezana za utjecaj oralnih bolesti na sistemnske poremećaje i obrnuto. Lošiji rezulatati ovog istraživanja se uočavaju kod pitanja i tvrdnji koje se odnose na komorbiditete starijih osoba i povezanost oralne njege s aspiracijskom pneumonijom, gdje polovica ispitanica smatra kako nema povezanosti. Nadalje, ipak se 82% ispitanica slaže kako je upala pluća vodeći uzrok smrti kod starijih osoba. Veliki postotak ispitanica smatra da su im potrebne dodatne edukacije o oralnom zdravlju. 74% ispitanica ne zna da se stečena pneumonija može prevenirati mehaničkim čišćenjem, korištenjem antiseptika i redovitom stomatološkom njegom.
Zaključak: Temeljem ovog istraživanja vidljivo je da većina njegovateljica i medicinskih sestara ima zadovoljavajući nivo znanja vezan za pravilno provođenje oralne higijene kod starijih i nemoćnih osoba. Oralnu higijenu vjerojatno provode na ispravan način, ali ne i onoliko učestalo koliko bi trebalo. Smatraju da je oralno zdravlje važno i da ima utjecaj na opće zdravlje. Većina ispitanica pokazuje zainteresiranost za dodatno educiranje o metodama za očuvanje oralnog zdravlja. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Objectives: The goal of this research was to examine the experiences of caregivers and nurses who are employed in homes for the elderly and infirm regarding ways of performing oral hygiene in residents who are unable to do it themselves, as well as to assess the caregivers' need for additional education. Materials and metods: In the period from March to June 2022, a survey was conducted in which 50 respondents who worked in homes for the elderly and infirm participated. The research was conducted using a questionnaire that was distributed to homes for the elderly and infirm in paper format. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of questions with one correct answer that related to general information such as gender, age, occupation, years of work experience. In the second part of the questionnaire, statements were offered that assess the education of caregivers and nurses about oral health, and how oral health can have an impact on general health and vice versa. In this part of the questionnaire, a Likert scale with a value of 1 to 5 was used. The conduct of the research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Split School of Medicine. Results: In this research, all respondents were female. 30 of them were caregivers, while the rest were nurses. 80% of the respondents received oral health care training as part of their education or employment. Almost all of the respondents help in the implementation of oral hygiene for residents who are not able to do it themselves. Most often, they do it once or twice a day and 72% of them clean their tongue. 84% of the respondents use gauze soaked with an antiseptic and they do this in cases where residents have no teeth or if they cannot open their mouths wide. However, 2% of them still do it when residents have some sores in their mouths. All residents resist oral hygiene, some always and some sometimes. Likewise, everyone wears prostheses, which they remove during the night and store them in a container immersed in water. Only 58% of the respondents clean their residents' dentures every day, while 38% of them do it occasionally. Most of the residents go to the dentist only when necessary (pain, unsteadiness, bleeding), and 16% of them go regularly, that is, twice a year. Almost all respondents believe that non-healing sores in the oral cavity can potentially be precancerous, as well as that oral health is related to the quality of taste, chewing and swallowing. The level of knowledge related to the impact of oral diseases on systemic disorders and vice versa is also satisfactory. Worse results of this research can be seen with questions and statements related to comorbidities of the elderly and the connection between oral care and aspiration pneumonia, where half of the respondents believe that there is no connection. Furthermore, 82% of respondents agree that pneumonia is the leading cause of death in the elderly. A large percentage of respondents believe that they need additional education about oral health. 74% of respondents do not know that acquired pneumonia can be prevented by mechanical cleaning, using antiseptics and regular dental care. Conclusion: Based on this research, it is evident that the majority of caregivers and nurses have a satisfactory level of knowledge related to the proper implementation of oral hygiene in the elderly and infirm. Oral hygiene is probably performed correctly, but not as often as it should be. They believe that oral health is important and has an impact on general health. Most of the respondents showed an interest in additional education on methods for preserving oral health. |
