Objectives: The main objective of this research is to show application of ECMO technique- indications, device components and cannulation strategies as well as to define demographic and clinical characteristics of postcardiotomic patients treated with ECMO at the cardiac surgery Intensive Care Unit at the Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care of the University Hospital Split from 2013 till 2017. Patients and methods: Protocols of treatments at the Intensive Care Unit for cardiac surgery patiens in Clinical Hospital Centre Split as well as medical histories of patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxigenation were examined retrospectively in the period of October of 2013 till July of 2017. 33 patients treated with ECMO support were included in this research. Results: This rsearch included 33 patients who were treated with ECMO support from October of 2013 till July of 2017. The largest amount of them were on ECMO support in 2014 (n=11) with total percentage of 33,3%, while the smallest amount (n=3) were in 2013. However, it should be noted that ECMO support was used in Split in October 2013 for the first time. 78,8% (n=26) patients were male, while the average age was 64,4 years. The largest amount of patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit had coronary artery disease (75,7%, n=25). Acute exacerbation of the disease in form of myocardial infarction happened in 63,6% of cases, while 69,7% of patients developed cardiogenic shock. Except for the myocardial infarction as the most common cause of cardiogenic shock, ishemic cardiomyopathy (39,4%) and valvular stenosis as well as insufficiencies (60,6%) should be mentioned as other most common causes of haemodynamic instability and shock. 84,8% (n=28) of patients have undergone surgical procedure. The most commonly performed surgery was coronary artery bypass graft (46,4%). It is important to mention valve replacement procedureds (28,6%) as valvular heart disease is one of more common diagnosis (in total 60%) in this research. The average duration of in-hospital stay of the patients treated with ECMO support at the Intensive Care Unit was 8,9 days. The longest stay was 28 days, while the shortest one was only a few hours. Considering the complexity of diagnosis that were the reason for admission to the hospital and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the high number of complications that follow these patients is not surprising. The most common complication in patients treated with ECMO in the Intensive Care Unit was acute renal failure (66,6%, n=22) followed by postoperative bleeding (63,6%, n=21). Of other complications it is worth to mention heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and pneumonia. Considering all facts, the mortality rate is quite high, accounting for 66,6% (n=22) of deaths. Conclusions: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a form of acute mechanical circulatory and respiratory support. Besides central ECMO modality that demands sternotomy, there is also a peripheral form of canulla insertion that allows for a simplier and easier setting avoiding sternotomy. ECMO can be used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with higher survival rates compared to patients without ECMO support. VA- ECMO in patients with acute heart failure serves as a bridge to recovery or initiation of a more permanent therapy form such as heart transplantation or ventricular assist device. Furthermore, it is more economically acceptable compared to other forms of mechanical circulatory support. Nevertheless, despite all efforts to improve the technique and timing as well as educate staff, the mortality rate is still very high. Further researche on a wider geographical area is required to be able to discuss more objectively and with more certainty about this form of mechanical circulatory support.