| Sažetak | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost između količine i vrste konzumiranih alkoholnih pića na prisutnost hipertenzije u odraslih ispitanika s otoka Korčule.
Ispitanici i metode: Presječno istraživanje provedeno je u okviru projekta „Pleitropija, genske mreže i putevi u izoliranim ljudskim populacijama: 10.001 Dalmatinac“(HRZZ 8875). Uzorkovanje je bilo prigodno, ispitanici su pozvani na sudjelovanje u istraživanju preko svojih liječnika ili medija. Konačni uzorak ispitanika činilo je 1752 stanovnika s otoka Korčule. Prikupljanje podataka provedeno je korištenjem upitnika i provođenjem mjerenja tlaka i antropometrije. Upitnik je sadržavao pitanja o socio-demografskim podacima, povijesti bolesti i životnim navikama. U svrhu procjene konzumacije alkoholnih pića ispitanici su odgovorili o uobičajenoj količini konzumiranih pića tijekom prosječnog tjedna, odvojeno za crno vino, bevandu od crnog vina, bijelo vino, bevandu od bijelog vina, pivo i žestoka pića. Za testiranje razlike između skupina ispitanika korišteni su hi-kvadrat test i Mann-Whitney U test. Dodatno je korištena multivarijatna logistička regresija, kako bi se identificirali čimbenici koji su povezani s prisutnošću hipertenzije. Statistički značajnim rezultatima smatrali su se oni s P<0,05.
Rezultati: Od 1752 ispitanika, njih 563 (32.1%) imalo je od ranije postavljenu dijagnozu hipertenzije. Prilikom mjerenja krvnog tlaka dodatnih 263 ispitanika je zadovoljilo kriterije za hipertenziju te je ukupna prevalencija hipertenzije iznosila 47,1%. Nije pronađena statistički značajna povezanost konzumacije niti jedne vrste alkoholnih pića s prisutnošću hipertenzije u promatranih ispitanika. Veću vjerojatnost za prisustvo hipertenzije imali su muškarci (OR=1,363; 95% CI 1,014-1,831; P=0,040), stariji ispitanici (OR=1,084; 95% CI 1,072-1,095; <0,001), ispitanici s višim indeksom tjelesna mase (ITM)(OR=1,153; 95% CI 1,118-1,190; P<0,001), pušači (OR=1,396; 95% CI 1,051-1,854; P=0,021) te ispitanici koji se nisu hranili po principima mediteranske prehrane (OR=1,457; 95% CI 1,057-2,008; P=0,022).
Zaključci: Iako u ovom istraživanju nije nađena statistički značajna povezanost konzumacije alkohola s hipertenzijom, pokazano je kako su muški spol, starija dob, pušenje i povećan ITM rizični čimbenici za AH, a pridržavanje mediteranske prehrane zaštitni čimbenik. 15% ispitanika nije bilo svjesno da boluje od AH. Potrebno je uložiti veći napor u rano otkrivanje i pravilno liječenje AH u ovoj populaciji. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association between the amount and type of consumed alcoholic beverages and the presence of arterial hypertension (AH).
Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted within the project "Pleitropy, genetic networks and pathways in isolated human populations: 10,001 Dalmatians“ (HRZZ 8875). Non-probability sampling approach was used, and subjects were invited by their physicians or trough media to participate in the study. Final sample was comprised of 1,752 volunteers from the Island of Korčula. Data were obtained using questionnaires and anthropometry and blood pressure were measured. Questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic section, disease history and lifestyle habits. In order to estimate consumption of alcoholic beverages, participants responded about the amount of their usual weekly consumption, separately for red vine, red vine mixed with water, white vine, white vine mixed with water, beer and liquor. For determining differences among groups of participants, we used chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U tests. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression was used for identifying factors associated with hypertension. The level of significance was set at P <0.05.
Results: 563 (32.1%) out of 1,752 total subjects have been diagnosed with AH prior to the study. Additional 263 subjects were diagnosed with AH in this study, raising the total prevalence of AH in the study participants to 47,1%. We did not detect statistically significant association between AH and alcohol consumption for any of the drinks analyzed. Men had greater probability of having AH, compared to women (OR=1,363; 95% CI 1,014-1,831; P=0,040), the same as the older participants (OR=1,084; 95% CI 1,072-1,095; <0,001), participants with increased body mass index (BMI) (OR=1,153; 95% CI 1,118-1,190; P<0,001), smokers (OR=1,396; 95% CI 1,051-1,854; P=0,021) and participants who did not follow the Mediterranean diet (OR=1,457; 95% CI 1,057-2,008; P=0,022).
Conclusion: Although we didn't find statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and hypertension, we showed that male gender, older age, smoking and increased BMI are risk factors for AH. Mediterranean diet was found to be a protective factor. 15% of subjects were not aware of their hypertension. Greater effort has to be placed in early detection and appropriate treatment of AH in this population. |
