Objectives: Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two distinct but related entities and their coexistence create a very dangerous interaction. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in clinical characteristics and selected parameters between HF patients with and without AF. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, that included a total of 90 patients that presented with signs and symptoms of heart failure at the emergency department. Patients were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio in terms of sex, had to be New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II-IV. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Statistics for Windows® (version 25.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: There was no significant difference in anthropometric and clinical parameters among studied groups, except in age (72.7±9.1 in FA group vs. 67.3±11.0 years in non-FA group, P=0.012), systolic blood pressure values (131.2±21.9 in FA group vs. 143.5±32.5 mmHg in non-FA group, P=0.035) and heart rate (103.0±32.0 in FA group vs. 84.0±26.0 in non-FA group, P=0.003). Moreover, there was no statistical difference in baseline laboratory findings between groups, except for activated partial thromboplastin time (30±8 in FA group vs. 25±3 seconds in non-FA group, P=0.001), prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (1.7±1.0 in FA group vs. 1.1±0.3 in non-FA group, P=0.001) and albumin values (37±4.0 in FA group vs. 39±4.0 g/L in non-FA group, P=0.043). Furthermore, patients with HF and AF use more beta blocker (49, 98.0% vs. 32, 80.0%, P=0.009), digoxin (16, 32.0% vs. 2, 5.0%, P=0.001) and anticoagulants (42, 84.0% vs. 3, 7.5%, P<0.001), as well as less acetylsalicylic acid (27, 67.5% vs. 8, 16.0%, P<0.001), while there was no statistical difference in other medications. Among HF patients, group without AF had significantly higher prevalence of anemia (16, 40.0% vs. 10, 20.0%, P=0.038) in comparison to group with AF, while there was no difference in the prevalence of other comorbidities. Finally, there was no statistical difference in echocardiographic parameters between studied groups. Conclusion: There is no major difference in clinical characteristics, NYHA class and hospitalization rate between patients with HF and AF compared to patients with HF and without AF. However, patients with HF and without AF have higher prevalence of anemia and acetylsalicylic acid use compared to patients with HF and AF.