Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the level of parental dental anxiety and to evaluate whether there is a difference in dental anxiety between parents due to the appearance of dental caries in children. We also wanted to assess whether parents' level of knowledge about preventive procedures and oral health of the child affected the level of dental anxiety of parents. Material and methods: The study involved 253 parents of children under 72 months of age. Each child underwent a detailed clinical examination of the oral cavity with the dental status recorded and the DMF (Decayed - Missing - Filled) index calculated. At the end of the examination, the parents were given a questionnaire consisting of three parts as the basic instrument of this research. The first part of the questionnaire refers to general demographic data as well as a child's oral hygiene and eating habits. The second part contains S-DAI questionnaires as the primary criterion for dental anxiety while the third part includes a questionnaire on knowledge of preventive procedures. Results: The incidence of dental anxiety was higher in children with active caries lesions while it was lower in children with the DMF index ≥1 (P=0.036). The number of extracted teeth in children significantly influences on the level of dental anxiety (β=4,764; P=0,043). The results also showed that there is no difference in the level of parental knowledge about preventive procedures given the number of active caries (P=0,569) and the DMF index (P=0,427) among children. Conclusion: This research has shown that there is an intermediate degree of dental anxiety development in parents who have completed the questionnaire. This research has also shown that parents who develop dental anxiety are more likely to brush their children’s teeth, but rarely take their children to a dental office for the purpose of getting used to dental treatments, which isn't in line with WHO recommendations.