| Abstract | Ciljevi:
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost pojavljivanja i kliničke karakteristike potencijalno malignih oralnih lezija u ambulanti za oralnu medicinu KBC-a Split u vremenskom razdoblju od godine dana.
Materijali i metode:
U ovom ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 148 ispitanika za koje su retrospektivno izvučeni iz medicinske dokumentacije anamnestički podatci o spolu i dobi te navikama svakodnevnog pušenja i uživanja alkoholnih pića. Također su uzeti podatci iz zapisa o kliničkom pregledu, s naglaskom na potencijalno malignim lezijama oralne sluznice i njihovoj lokalizaciji. Posebno su se analizirali podatci o pacijentima s patohistološki potvrđenom displazijom oralnog epitela i dijagnozom oralnog karcinoma. Podatci su uneseni u proračunske tablice te je napravljena deskriptivna statistika.
Rezultati:
U ambulanti za oralnu medicinu KBC-a Split ukupno je na prvi pregled od lipnja 2020. do lipnja 2021. godine došlo 148 pacijenata, od kojih je u njih 23 (15,5 %) postavljena sumnja na potencijalno malignu leziju oralne sluznice. Od tih 23 pacijenata, osam (34,8 %) ih je bilo muškog spola, a 15 ženskog (65,2 %). Pušača je bilo sedam (30,4 %), a četvero njih (17,4 %) je navelo da svakodnevno konzumira alkohol. Srednja dob svih ispitanika s nalazom potencijalno maligne lezije na sluznici usne šupljine iznosila je 61,13, a medijan 59 godina. Najčešća dijagnosticirana potencijalno maligna lezija na sluznici usne šupljine bila je erozija ili ulceracija u sklopu erozivnog oblika oralnog lihen planusa, u čak 12 ispitanika (52,2 %). U četiri ispitanika (17,4 %) to je bila leukoplakija, dok se u po jednog ispitanika (4,3 %) postavila sumnja na eritroplakiju, leuko/eritroplakiju i aktinički heilitis. U četiri ispitanika (17,4 %) odmah je pri prvom pregledu postavljena sumnja na oralni karcinom. Patohistološka dijagnoza potvrdila je dijagnozu postavljenu na temelju kliničkog nalaza u svim slučajevima nalaza potencijalno maligne lezije na oralnoj sluznici (100 %).
Zaključci:
Potencijalno maligna lezija oralne sluznice pronađena je u 23 od 148 (15,5 %) pregledanih osoba, od čega je bilo osam (34,8 %) muškaraca, a 15 žena (65,2 %), s prosječnom dobi od 61 godine. Najčešća dijagnosticirana potencijalno maligna lezija na sluznici usne šupljine bio je erozivni lihen u 12 ispitanika (52,2 %), zatim leukoplakija u četiri ispitanika (17,4 %). U po jednog ispitanika (4,3 %) dijagnosticirane eritroplakija, leuko/eritroplakija i aktinički heilitis. U četiri ispitanika (17,4 %) potvrđen je oralni karcinom patohistološkim nalazom koji je potvrdio klinički postavljenu dijagnozu i u svim drugim slučajevima (100 %). Sedmero (30,4 %) ispitanika izjasnili su se kao pušači, a samo su četiri ispitanika (17,4 %) odgovorila da svakodnevno piju alkohol. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives:
The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of occurrence and clinical characteristics of potentially malignant oral lesions in the oral clinic of KBC Split in a period of one year.
Materials and methods:
This study involved 148 subjects for whom anamnestic data on gender, age and habits of daily smoking and alcohol consumption were extracted from the medical records. Data from clinical examination records were also taken with emphasis on potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa and their localization. In particular, data on patients with pathohistologically confirmed oral epithelial dysplasia and a diagnosis of oral cancer were analyzed. The data were entered into spreadsheets and descriptive statistics were made.
The results:
From June 2020 to June 2021, a total of 148 patients came to the oral clinic of the Clinical Hospital Center Split for an oral examination. 23 (15.5%) patients were suspected of having a potentially malignant lesion of the oral mucosa. Of those 23 patients, 8 (34.8%) were male and 15 were female (65.2%). There were seven smokers (30.4%), and four of them (17.4%) stated that they consume alcohol on a daily basis. The mean age of all subjects with the finding of a potentially malignant lesion on the oral mucosa was 61.13, and the median was 59 years. The most commonly diagnosed potentially malignant lesion on the oral mucosa was erosion or ulceration as part of the erosive form of oral lichen planus, in as many as 12 subjects (52.2%). In four subjects (17.4%) it was leukoplakia, while in one subject (4.3%) erythroplakia, leuko / erythroplakia and actinic cheilitis were suspected. Four subjects (17.4%) were immediately suspected of having oral cancer at the first examination. Pathohistological diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis made on the basis of clinical findings in all of the cases of potentially malignant lesions on the oral mucosa (100%).
Conclusion:
Potentially malignant lesion of oral mucosa was found in 23 out of 148 (15.5 %) persons examined, of which 8 men (34.8 %) and 15 women (65.2%), with an average age of 61.The most commonly diagnosed potentially malignant lesion on the oral mucosa was erosive lichen in 12 subjects (52.2%), followed by leukoplakia in four subjects (17.4%). In one subject each (4.3 %) diagnosed with erythroplakia, leuko/erythroplakia and actinic cheilitis. In four subjects (17.4 %) oral cancer was confirmed by a pathohistological finding that confirmed the clinically diagnosed diagnosis in all other cases (100 %). Seven (30.4%) respondents declared themselves smokers, with only four respondents (17.4%) replied that they drink alcohol every day. |
