Essential oils are the specialized metabolites of aromatic herbs. The most common way of isolation is by the distillation process because of their volatility properties. They are generally clear and colorless liquids. Their density is usually smaller than the water density. Essential oils are mostly used in cosmetic industry, for the preparation of dermatocosmetics and perfumes, and are often used in the various insect protection formulations because of their repellent activity. Some essential oils are being used in pharmacology. Hydrosols are by-products of the distillation of herb material while extracting essential oils. They are used in cosmetic industry as natural tonics, or as a waters phase while preparing creams, gels, emulsions and masks. Genus Salvia belongs to the Lamiaceae family which has pharmaceutical-economic significance. From the herb material of Salvia officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L., Salvia bertolonii Vis. and Salvia verticillata L.., essential oils are isolated by the distillation in Clevenger apparatus. Samples of the essential oils and hydrosols are analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - flame ionization chromatography. The results showed that there are differences in qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oils from Salvia species and differences in composition of the essential oils and hydrosols from the same species.