Objectives and background: Esophageal atresia is an anomaly that stands out from other anomalies in view of emergency, exact work, delicate postoperative treatment and the need for long-term treatment and control. With this anomaly, other anomalies often associate, particularly heart anomalies. Clinical examination and radiologic diagnosis are the basis for making the right diagnosis. Early recognition of this anomaly is of great importance, primarily due to the fact that this is a life-threatening anomaly whose early diagnosis and surgery reduces complications and improves the outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics of patients operated for esophageal atresia and compare them to other relevant studies. Patients and methods: In the period from January 1991 to September 2014 the medical history of 46 patients treated for esophageal atresia were retrospectively reviewed. Data was collected from protocols of the Department for Pediatric Surgery, the Department of Neonatology and ICU Split University Hospital archives and the history of the disease. Each subject was analyzed by the following parameters: date of birth, sex, weight at birth, surgery, type of anomaly, survival, early and late complications. Results: Esophageal atresia was more frequent with female respondents (60%). The most common type of esophageal atresia according to the Vogts classification was the type 3B (92 %). Overall mortality was 35%, noting that the mortality before the introduction of the Intensive Care Unit was 80%, and after the introduction only 14%. Pneumonia was the most common early complication, while the most common late complications were dysphagia (35%) and anastomotic stricture (12%). Cardiovascular anomalies were the most common congenital malformations and account for 45% of all associated anomalies, and they are presented in 30% of the children with esophageal atresia. Conclusions: Early recognition of this anomaly is of great importance, primarily due to the fact that this is a life - threatening anomaly whose early diagnosis and surgery reduces complications and improve the outcome. For child survival a multidisciplinary approach and recognition of associated anomalies is necessary. In addition to early diagnosis and the surgery intensive postoperative care is crucial for survival.