| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikazati epidemiološke podatke ozljeda oka na uzorku pedijatrijske populacije, hospitalizirane i liječene na odjelu Klinike za očne bolesti Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split s područja Splitsko-dalmatinske županije u trogodišnjem intervalu od 2019. do 2021. godine kao i istaknuti važnost prevencije ozljeda oka kod djece.
Materijali i metode: U retrospektivnom istraživanju prikupljani su arhivski podaci temeljeni na uzorku pedijatrijske populacije. Ispitanici obuhvaćeni ovim istraživanjem su djeca oba spola mlađa od 18 godina koja su zaprimljena na bolničko liječenje Klinike za očne bolesti Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split zbog mehaničke ozljede oka. Iz studije su isključena djeca s kemijskim ozljedama oka. Svim ispitanicima je učinjen kompletan oftalmološki klinički pregled, nadopunjen alatima slikovne dijagnostike i konzilijarnim pregledima specijalista pedijatrije, otorinolaringologije i neurokirurgije. Dobivene rezultate ispitanika obradili smo s obzirom na dob, spol, težinu, vrstu, vrijeme, uzroke te okolnosti ozljeđivanja uz konačnu vidnu oštrinu. Pri klasifikaciji ozljeda koristili smo se BETT i IOTC ljestvicama.
Rezultati: Studijom je obuhvaćen uzorak od 110 ispitanika mlađih od 18 godina. Ukupan broj ozljeda oka bio je 116, što je u postotku iznosilo 25,25% promatrajući cjelokupnu populaciju bolesnika zaprimljenu pod dijagnozom traume oka. Vodeći razlog hospitalizacije bila je zatvorena ozljeda oka kontuzijskog podtipa (86,21%), koja je bila prouzročena pirotehničkim sredstvima (30,54%). Uzimajući u obzir spolne karakteristike, dječaci su kao ispitanici 5 puta češće hospitalizirani zbog mehaničkih ozljeda oka. Glavnina ispitanika činila su muška djeca sa zatvorenim ozljedama (n=44, 88%) , u vremenskom interval od 8-14 godine. Najzastupljeniji udio trauma oka nastupio je kod djece koja nisu bila nadzirana od strane odrasle osobe (30,21%). Najveći broj ozljeda registriran je u tromjesečnom intervalu zimskog razdoblja godine (n=47). Na osnovi kriterija vidne oštrine, zone ozljede na oku i vrste ozljede najveći broj trauma oka kod spadao je u lake ozljede (51,72%). Kao komplikacija, sljepoća je nastala kod 4,3% ispitanika.
Zaključci: Analizom podataka utvrđeno je da je broj dječaka s nastalom ozljedom oka znatno veći u odnosu na djevojčice što je u skladu s postavljenom hipotezom. Očekivano, potvrđeno je i da je smanjeni roditeljski nadzor potencirao povećanom broju ozljeda. Broj ozljeda oka dokazao se povećanim u zimskom razdoblju godine. S obzirom da ozljede oka predstavljaju značajni javnozdravstveni problem, a ujedno i izvor trajnog invaliditeta potrebno je uložiti značajne napore u pravodobnu prevenciju, edukaciju i liječenje. |
| Abstract (english) | Objective: The main aim of this study was to present epidemiological data on eye injuries in a sample of pediatric population from the Split region, hospitalized and treated at the Department of the Eye Disease Clinic of the University Hospital of Split, in a three-year interval from 2019. to 2021., as well as to highlight the importance of preventing eye injuries in children.
Subjects and methods: In a retrospective study, archival data were collected based on a sample of pediatric population. The subjects included in this research are children of both sexes under the age of 18, who were admitted to the hospital for a treatment due to a mechanical eye injury. Children with chemical eye injuries were excluded from the study. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological clinical examination, complemented by diagnostic imaging tools and consultation examinations done by specialists in pediatrics, otorhinolaryngology, and neurosurgery. We processed the obtained results of the patients regarding the age, sex, type, severity, causes and circumstances of the injury, along with the final visual acuity. When classifying injuries, we used the BETT and IOTC scales.
Results: The study included a sample of 110 patients under the age of 18. The total number of eye injuries was 116, which was 25.25% of the entire population of patients admitted. The leading reason for hospitalization was closed globe eye injury, contusion subtype (86.21%), which was caused by pyrotechnics (30.54%). Taking sex characteristics into account, boys were 5 times more likely to be hospitalized due to mechanical eye injuries. The majority of subjects were male children with closed globe injuries (n=44, 88%), in an interval from 8 to 14 years. The highest proportion of eye trauma occurred in children who were not supervised by an adult (30.21%). The largest number of injuries was registered in winter period of the year (n=47). Based on the criteria of visual acuity, zone of injury on the eye and type of injury, the largest number of eye traumas belonged to mild injuries (51.72%). As a complication, blindness occurred in 4.3% of subjects.
Conclusion: Data analysis revealed that the number of boys with an eye injury is significantly higher than that of girls, which is in line with the hypothesis. It was also confirmed that reduced parental supervision contributed to an increased number of injuries. The number of eye injuries has proven to increase in the winter. Given that eye injuries represent a significant public health problem, and a source of permanent disability, it is necessary to invest significant efforts in timely prevention, education and treatment. |
